Changes in family life since the 1970s Essay Example for Free

Changes in family life since the 1970s Es assignOutline around of the major diversifys that deal interpreted place in family life since the 1970s and discuss the concerns arising from these changes.In the past times many families were similar, as traditionalistic nuclear families were the excepted average of society. Since the 1970s a enume graze of major changes begin taken place in family life. The traditional nuclear family is no longer seen as the norm as many other types of specialist families brace developed to best suit the needs of the people inwardly them. Family life is very complex and in juvenile years sociologists comport sort to find new ways to understand it. However with these changes in that location have also been a number of concerns, which may designate that non all changes have improved family life.One way in which the family unit has changed since the 1970s is the change in marriage rates. While marriage in the UK is still the majority among families, there has been a decline in the number of marriages, the age in which people ar choosing to marry and the duration of marriages. In 1971 1% of all marriages in the UK ended after two years. In 1996 this figure change magnitude to 9%. (Mark Kirby, 2000, p. 58). This suggests that marriage little important than it once was. There ar a number for reasons as to why there is a change in marriage. It is argued that because wo hands now have more than freedom of choice than they did in the past, they may be choosing hardly not to marry. another(prenominal)s suggest that women atomic number 18 now choosing to put off marriage till a later date so that they posterior focus on their tendingers and education.Another reason for the change in marriage could be due to the undermining of the need to marry, now that it has become socially acceptable to d come up or be single, many people choose not to marry. As well as this women are no longer dependant on men to be a bread winner and provide for them. Lorraine Harding (1996) argues that the main decline in marriage occurred around the 1970s due to greater levels of unemployment. Strain may have been put on the breadwinner to support the family causing the breakdown of the marriage. On this basis it could be argued that it is not the decline of the conventional family since 1970 that should need explaining, but preferably its unusual popularity between 1945 and 1970. (Mark Kirby, 2000, pp. 69-70)Another major change that has taken place in family life since the 1970s is the increase in the number of divorces. In 1970 80,000 couples got disunite in the UK, that figure has risen to 125,000 in 2003. (Scott, 2007, p. 466) It is argued that this increase is due to the 1969 Divorce Reform Act which made getting a divorce much easier. Women had more opportunity to work and therefor they were less dependent on men. State services gave women greater chance of leaving a marriage. (Scott, 2007, pp. 467-469). H owever with divorce there are a number of concerns that can cabbage in family life. It is believed that divorce is the main contributor to unaccompanied advert families who are considered to be at higher luck of poverty.This is considered an unhealthy environment to bring up children as they may feel unsettled. Children may lose touch with the other parent and gain step parents. This in extension can moment socialisation, education and their family life in the future. Some sociologists also argue that children whose parents have had a divorce are more probably to get a divorce when they are older. Giddens found that two-fifths of all marriages in the UK now end in divorce. The number of marriages has fallen while the number of divorces has risen. (Giddens, 2009, pp. 350-351)Cohabitation has increased sharply in recent years. It is seen as a prelude to marriage or an alternative and in some cases it replace marriage altogether. In 1986 11 per cent of non-married men under the ag e of 60 were in cohabiting relationships, but by 2004 this figure had risen to 24 per cent. The comparable figures for women were 13 per cent in 1986 and 25 per cent in 2004 (Social Trends, 2006) This goes to show that cohabitation is one alternative to the traditional nuclear family that people are choosing to take. In the UK nowadays 73 per cent of women say they watch with a man before they are married. However with cohabitation there have been a number of concerns suggested by sociologists. Some sociologists argue that because there is less commitment deep down a cohabiting relationship hence they are less stable and more likely to break down. This could lead to poverty for the women and children involved. As well as this a cohabiting couple are more likely to seek state benefits and put a strain on the economy.Antony Giddens argues the theme of a sheer relationship. He believes thatcouples in Modern society choose now not to marry for love and intimacy but to cohabit and have a relationship that best suits them. He believes that in the past couples were bound by the contract of love and it would often be difficult to get and divorce and end a relationship. Giddens argues that divorce is increasing due to people having much more choice in their lives. If a relationship no longer continues to suit the interests of the people within it then it is easy to simply leave. Giddens says What holds the pure relationship together is the acceptance on the part of each partner, until further notice, that each gains a significant benefit from the relationship to make its continuance worthwhile. (Holborn, 2004)The love within the relationship is governed by the amount of venerability the other is prepared to show. Giddens also saw that in the past families would have been headed by a single male breadwinner who provided for the whole family while the wife stayed at home. This has now changed and men and women have become more equal within contemporary society. Thi s therefor suggests that men and women have also become equal within relationships. Pure relationships are quickly becoming more popular as our self-centred society develops. Within contemporary society we have more choice this has now adapted the way we look at traditional till-death-us-do-part marriages and traditional nuclear families. (Elliott, 2008)Living apart together is a term that is used for a family where one of the partners may live away for work or simply to maintain their independence. This follows on from the idea of a pure relationship as it is more causal for the people involved and it meets everyone needs. A problem that may arise from LAT families is that it could be disruptive for children as they would not have a single home. It also shows a lack of commitment from the couple to move in together and get married. Although LAT families are becoming increasingly common, they may still often be not seen as the best way to live as a family.Lone parents families are b ecoming increasing common within the UK today. There have been significant increases in lone parent families since the 1970s. This could be due to higher rates of divorce and cohabitation break down. Lone parents also have a reduced likelihood for marriage in the futurewith lone parent working class men having the lowest chance to marry. In 2004 73 per cent of lone mothers and 50 per cent lone fathers had dependent children. (Giddens, 2009, p. 355) This creates a concern with lone parents as it is believed that lone parents are more likely to be in poverty and dependant on state benefits.It is argued that the child from a lone parent household is less likely to do well in education and is more likely to become a lone parent in the future. With less time to get an education it is also common for a lone parent to have low or no qualifications and forgetful pay. Lone parents can get caught in a poverty trap as they do not have the time to earn good specie and improve their education. Some lone parents may wait until their children have grown up, and go into higher education at a later date.With the increasing number of divorces and remarriages there has also be an increase in reconstituted families. Reconstituted families often bring two families together that have divorced parents. These types of family can generate some concerns as in many cases it is difficult for the children of the family to accept new relationships. In extension to this within reconstituted families there is a higher rate of child abuse. This could be due to the sometimes overwhelming environment of two families living together. They are also more likely to face economic hardship. Divorce rates in reconstituted families are higher than that of first marriages.Same sex partnerships have received a lot of media attention in recent years. This is due to the very idea of sexual urge being a topic of interest within society. It is only since December 2005 that gay and lesbian couples could get a civil partnership. If they wish to have children then they have to choose from take overion, bionic insemination, fostering or if they had a child from a past heterosexual relationship. This can be good for the child as they may choose to counteract patriarchy.However on the other hand there are many aspects of a same sex partnership that could put in some concerns. For example the very nature of such a relationship challenges pissedly held values and norms within society. This could therefor create conflict with other members of society. If there is a child involved this may not be the best environment to bring them up. In 2009 Elton John and his partner DavidFurnish were looking to adopt a child from the Ukraine. They faced problems when EveryChild, an international childrens charity, said_it was concerned by the singers announcement that he and partner David Furnish wanted to adopt a 14-month-old boy called Lev. The organization said that while it praised Johns help in ra ising awareness about children affected by HIV in Ukraine, it said the answer did not lie in international adoption, arguing that more children might be left in childrens homes as a result of another celebrity adoption._ (Press Association, 2009)As well as this many people believe that it is inappropriate to bring a child up with same sex parents. It is believed that this will have an effect on their sexuality without giving them a fair choice. With society becoming more multicultural some people from other religions may condemn the idea of same sex couples. This could leave them marginalised on the edge of society. In some extreme cases there have been Honour Killings from some families in order to nurture their image.With an increase in same sex couples there has also been more of a demand for fertility and reproductive technology. These men and women are looking to artificial insemination to help them to have a child. On the other hand however heterosexual men and women, may als o require such technology if they have a problem with conception. This has helped women whom have put off parenthood in order to focus on their careers and education. As women get older their fertility rate falls, 1 in 5 women will reach the end of their fertile life childless. This new technology can help families to have children whereas in the past they may not have been able. There has also been an increase in younger women becoming surrogate mothers for older women who can no longer have children.Another technology that has had a large effect on family life is contraception. In the past, families often had many more children than in contemporary society. This was so their children could go to work and provide for the family, but also because they didnt have the technology. Contraception has become increasing important over recent years with youthculture of today Drugs, Sex, Rock and Roll. In contrast to this idea, there has been an increase in teen parents over recent years, su ggesting that more could be done to stop such families.Other generations within the family are increasingly having a greater influence. In the past due to poor healthcare many children would never have met their grandparents as they would have died at a younger age. In modern society grandparents and great grandparents are now increasingly part of the family. This can create tensions between sympathize with for the older members of the family and the younger ones. It can also have a structural issue as the older generations of the family may become a burden if there is a break down in the relationship or a divorce.In conclusion there are a number of changes that have taken place in the family since the 1970s. Not all of these changes have had positive effects. There have also been a number of negatives. With such a large change within society concerns will arise, it is how these concerns are dealt with that will determine the future of the family unit. There are some sociologists t hat believe that the family is still just as strong as it has always been even with the loss of traditional families._Family living also offers an opportunity for intimacy, a word with Latin roots meaning sharing fears. That is, as a result of sharing a wide range of activities over a long period of time, members of families forge emotional bonds. Of course, the fact that parents act as authority figures often inhabits their communication with young children. But as young people reach adulthood, kinship ties typically open up as family members appreciate that they share concern for one anothers welfare_ (Plummer, 2002, p. 441)This suggests that it does not matter what shape or size a family is, but if it teaches the people within it to become good adults and care for others then it will have fulfilled its purpose. With the ever changing and diverse nature of the society in which we live families have simply become more specialised, and the people within them are no longer bound by what issocially acceptable.

A Raisin in the Sun - “Success” Essay Example for Free

A Raisin in the Sun Success EssaySuccess. Websters dictionary defines it as The achievement of something desired, planned, or attempted the gaining of fame or prosperity.Although to truly understand the meaning of supremacy, one needs to understand the relationship between success and goals. Success can simply be accomplishing your goals, but can also have a deeper meaning, such as personal exploitation. In the appropriate A Raisin in the Sun, by Lorraine Hansberry, the Youngers, Walter and Lena especi completelyy, are portrayed as a typical African American family in the 1950s, trying to fight the prejudices that haunt each aspect of their lives. Lorraine Hansberry takes us through the journey of the Youngers as they attempt to accomplish their dreams and achieve success. Overall, despite the obstacles they face such as racism, sexism, and dishonesty, Walter downwind and Lena Mamma Younger achieve success to certain extents Walter achieves complete personal success and Ma mma is completely successful in her goal to buy a house for her children and Travis.Walter Lee Younger reaches personal success by achieving personal growth and improvement. In the beginning of this book, Walter is slaphappy and egoish which is shown through many occasion such when Mama tells Walter Ruth is thinking bout getting rid of that child. (75) And later Walter has explicitly been drinking. (pg. 77) Essentially, Walter learns that his wife is pregnant and thinking of getting an abortion, and being the irresponsible selfish man he was, he went out and got drunk. Additionally, we learn that Walterss investment did not work out and Mama asks him about his sister Beneethas money and he says Mama I never went to the bank at all (pg. 129) This quote indicates how utterly conceited he really was, to throw all of his sisters money laid out for her tuition just for his own investment.It also shows that he no longer has any self worth or pride in himself or his family, which is ob viously greatly valued throughout the family. At the end he ends up losing the money, for which most people would see at him as unsuccessful, but at the end of the book, he truly does he redeem himself. On pg. 148 Walter invites Linder over and intends on forfeiting any pride left over(p) and getting on his knees to beg for money, but instead something incredible happens.His intended message was forgotten when he looks upon his son and family and a renewed sense of self worth and value possesses him as he says We have decided to move into our house because my father- my father- has earned it for us brick by brick we dont want to shed no trouble for nobody or fight no causes, and we will try to be good neighbors. (148) Through this one quote, Walters self growth is apparent as he finally stands up for his family and transitions into an honest, caring man as opposed to the selfish boy he was at the beginning of the book . As a result of this personal growth, Walter Lee Younger has attained absolute personal success.Throughout the book A Raisin in the Sun, Lena Younger, aka Mama, has been portrayed as the overbearing, but caring mother and grandmother whose main goal seems to be to buy a real house for her children and grandchild. This goal is made apparent on when she finally buys the house and says Well- at least let me tell him something, I want him to be the first one to hear Come here, Travis. (pg. 90) This quote shows her obvious love and fondness for her beloved grandson and later on she says You glad about the house? Its leaving to be yours when you get to be a man. (pg. 91)These quotes clear her dreams to move into a new house to make Travis happy and they are accomplished when after Walters speech, Linder questions her approval and she firmly states that My son said we was going to move and there aint nothing left for me to say. (148) Lorraine Hansberry then ends her book with the Youngers finally leaving their apartment behind, showing that in the end, Mama did accomplish her dream and was successful in her goal of moving into a new house for her family.Throughout Lorraine Hansberrys novel A Raisin in the Sun, Lena and Walter Lee Younger face many prejudices and obstacles in the way of accomplishing their dreams, but in the end they are successful.

Art Projects: Drawing a Partridge and Crayon Art

Art Projects Drawing a Partridge and Crayon ArtHow to call in a bobwhite quail in a pear head treeHow to seal a pendent slanted with molten crayon shavingsHow lav I bind a watchband out of DMC clean?HOW TO DRAW A PARTRIDGE IN A PEAR TREEThe topic that this article is going to charge on is about a bird which is not so famous but means a lot when people come across make like Christmas. Many must not have heard about this bird and those who have heard it might recollect it from the phrase, Partridge in a Pear tree. Lets now brace to know more about this bird and the meaning behind the phrase. In short, lets draw a partridge to our attention which is generally referred in context with a pear tree.A partridge is basically a bird belonging to the pheasant family also called as Phasianidae. They are non-migratory, medium-sized birds which are primaeval to Europe, Africa and Asia. They are ground-nesting birds which are involved mainly in the seed-eating livelihood. These de tails must have given the readers enough information about a brief mindset of a partridge. But these details matter more to a biologist rather than general readers. The specialty of this bird is that, it has a unique relationship with the pear tree. Christians must be probably aware of the phrase, i.e. to draw a partridge to a pear tree, beca utilize the event takes place in Christmas.Partridge in a pear tree is be activeually a stocking kit from Bucilla which features a beautiful partridge nestled in a tree. To draw a partridge in a pear tree implies decorating the Christmas tree with a stocking which contains a partridge in a pear tree surrounded by glittering luxurious pears. To draw such a thing on a Christmas tree pleases Santa Claus and the tree glitters even more. The things need to create a partridge in a pear tree are sequins, beads, needles, cotton floss, metallic threads, stamped felts and glitter for shining. The stocking should be approximately 18 long diagonally and must display a partridge bird on a tree with pears around it. This is the way in which the stocking is created.There are several interpretations about the partridge in a pear tree phrase. One implication is that, it is a Christmas song which depicts the love between two persons by offering the partridge in a pear tree gift to each other. Another story behind this topic is known dry land wide. Partridge has been named from the Greek word, Perdix which was once the name of a Greek king. This king was once cast from a tower into the ocean by his enemy and he emerged as a bird from there and was carried to heaven by Goddess Athena. Thus, Athena represents the pear tree which was responsible for carrying the bird Perdix which is called partridge, to heaven. Thus several(prenominal)times, the bird, partridge was also referred as a symbol of Jesus Christ and olibanum the Christmas carol containing the phrase was formed. These two instances clearly tell us how Christians believe in the partridge in the pear tree and wait to draw a partridge each Christmas.Thus, the readers must have gained a spectacular piece of mythological history which is followed throughout the world each Christmas, when people around the world get ready to draw a partridge in the pear tree. It also takes us to a bright moral that, occasions like these get foc dropd only when they are followed regularly.BEST BRAND/TYPE OF TRANSFER PAPER FOR EMBROIDERY OR CREWEL WORKSArt and Craft form the study part of the creation indus emphasize. This industry is mainly based on the skills of the artists to imagine, intent and create. While in school days everyone is taught a bit of art and craft, some like it, some dont. The days are greatly remembered when the tracing paper was used as the means of creating an exact copy of the image mechanically sooner printers came into existence. Transfer papers are also of the aforesaid(prenominal) kind as tracing papers and also have the same purpose. Many creati ve things rotter be done using this manoeuver paper such as, printing on t-shirts, designs on pots and many more. But the purpose that surprises many is the use of absent paper for embroidery.The line of work seems new as the traditional method of doing embroidery on cloth articles was with a needle and many colorful threads. Earlier the design to be made was sketched with a pencil roughly onto the cloth and then the thread was used to give it an outline. Now-a-days, the free-hand sketching has been made more perfect by the use of conveyance paper. The best quality transfer paper gives astonishing results and gives the impression of a perfect design. The process of using transfer paper for embroidery muckle be explained briefly as follows. Inkjet or any other printer is first used to print the image on the transfer paper. This image burn then be transferred onto the tog by a heat press. This process is also called as an iron-on. The image once transferred can be embedded in the cloth by the use of embroidery.There are several types and brands of transfer papers available in the market. These can be named as, heat transfer paper, inkjet transfer paper, sublimation transfer paper, color laser transfer paper etc. Each of them has their own advantages and detriments. The more or less expensive one is the color laser transfer paper. It seems the label of the transfer papers belong to the names of the printers they are used with. Inkjet transfer paper comes in two varieties, for light colored fabric and for dark colored fabric. The fabrics which are going to be used for printing need to be of good quality to increase the life of the print on it. Use of transfer paper for embroidery is an exciting option for creating and printing unlike designs on the fabric using the various transfer papers.This is a new fashion of clothing which is growing at a rapid pace in the fashion industry. This act of using transfer paper for embroidery on the clothes prompts the designers to try the process at home or open centers for such printing works. The embroidery which seemed boring for so many years will finally be retrieved in a new form and the clothes wore will have the designs made by the person wearing it. The important suggestion is to select the good and the best type of printing and embroidery technique and last but not the least the best brand and quality of transfer paper for photogenic printing.HOW TO SEAL A PENDANT COLORED WITH MELTED CRAYON SHAVINGSJewellery is that part of beautification which includes various forms of designs and gems embedded with it. This has various forms ranging from the most expensive one to the most innocent but beautiful ones. A ring looks in transact without a gem similarly a necklace seems incomplete without a subordinate. Pendant is that part of the necklace which gives it a meaning and an extra bit of enhancement to the necklace. Pendant can exist in various forms, but the most discussed one lately is the one with liquified crayon shavings. The reason for this can be known shortly.A pendant is that part of a necklace that is always hanging from it and gives it an identity. It can exist in various shapes, the most preferred of which is the heart shape. A pendant can be made of gold, silver, titanium etc., but the most simple and home made pendant is the one with melted crayon shavings. The process of giving a final polish or impact to the pendant is called as sealing. Sealing means the same as a piece of stamped wax which ensures strength for the material on which it is applied. Crayons are most popularly used for coloring, but they have a disadvantage of their disposal, because once the sharp point is gone, it is of no further use unless someone sharpens it. These crayons can then be converted into shavings and melted together to give it a different shape and color and used for various purposes.The following are the steps for sealing a pendant colored with melted crayon shavings trail the crayons available and cut them in the form of shavings in the way a tree is cut slice by slice. Make the slices as finer as possible to melt them quickly.After the shavings are ready, melt them by placing them on a tough paper and either placing them in an oven or doing it by an iron.The melted shavings are now ready for applying on the pendant to be sealed.Apply the crayon shavings onto the pendant.Make the colored pendant cool by keeping it at normal temperature.Use a metal rod or a log of wood and seal the pendant with a wax coating so that it gets a shiny look onto it.The pendant is now sealed and can be put into a necklace for use.The precaution to be taken here is speckle melting and sealing. It is suggested that these tasks are done by an adult and done carefully to avoid injuries.The above method of pendant making gives the pendant a simple look but a durable one. Also, it is a best from waste effort as the crayons suggested for use are the broken or spoilt ones . This task has given a great idea of recycling and recreation for generations to learn. The act of making such melted crayon shavings and using them for sealing a pendant will soon become a profession in the near future.HOW CAN I MAKE A BRACELET OUT OF DMC FLOSS ornament is an activity which everyone loves to do, then it does not matter whether it is a house or an office or any other thing. The simplest way of decoration that humans use to look different and enhance their outer beauty is jewellery. Though women have more jewellery to look rich and beautiful, men dont have that much crush in number. But both share some common jewellery types which include chains, rings and baubles. Bracelets can be made from various materials. It is unbelievable that a bracelet does not compulsorily need metals for its creation. It can be made even with rubber or fiber or floss. Thus, to make a bracelet from DMC floss is what interests many for its discussion.Floss in generic form refers to an emb roidery thread which is a rough silk obtained from a silkworms cocoon. DMC is a manufacturing unit which manufactures and supplies various kinds of floss to different locations. Thus, to make a bracelet from such a DMC floss is not very tough if proper precautions are taken. The process can be explained as a sequence of steps which are as follows.Bracelets generally are of the wrist size and the thickness can be defined by the amount of floss to be used. So cut 18 25 inches of DMC floss and make the ends line up evenly.Hold the ends together and tie a knot which has a 1 inch tail.Separate the 3 strands and form the number 4 over the adjacent strand.Then just follow the intercommunicate used while stitching clothes and make circular rounds about it.Continue this motion till the bracelet attains the desired size.Also the length can be increased as needed.The steps mentioned above give a brief idea about the creation of the bracelet. Many users will have other ideas of the material u sed for more decoration like beads or pearls and hence, they can go ahead with their own creations.The only care that is to be taken while designing this bracelet is the precision and the sensitivity factor. This is because, you cannot make a bracelet in a hurry, as it can lead to loosening of the floss and will reduce its life. The bracelet also needs to be tight enough to stay tight on the wrist and not fall off. The act of making the bracelet can be done quickly only by a professional. Beginners will take approximately 1 hour to complete this task, and they need to have patience for this.DMC floss is a tough thread and will not easily break off. A blade or a scissor is needed to cut it off and hence it is strong enough to last for a longer duration as compared to other threads. A bracelet is a symbol of friendship as bands are used on friendships day. The best idea is to make a bracelet out of such floss and present it to your friend or your loved one as a symbol of love and grat efulness.

Women of dystopias

Women of dystopiasWomen of dystopias prevailing pistillate stereotypes in Huxleys and Orwells fiction Dystopias as a musical genre act an takeing aesthetic and psychological challenge. Their view of the future is fixed in the past or the present, and as such, be in danger of non transcending the limitations of their own cultural and sociological context. A certain aspect of dystopias is the ever-present human distinction of wishing to solve problems. By projecting the issues of the present into the future, by removing the specific detailors surrounding ones quandary, one wishes to see a clearer image, to achieve some sort of enlightenment. Dystopias are the perfect genre for that other common human trait (connected to the aforementioned penchant for problem-solving) of presenting the worst that may come to pass (sometimes metaphorically pointing a finger and yelling I told you so). Yet in such exercises of the mind, the subject of authorial objectivity inevitably arises w hen writing a dystopia, how far removed should the subject matter be from ones perceived concreteity? Since a dystopia is to momentous degree a heavily satirized transmogrification of ones substantive world, this seems a contradiction in shapes. Yet in not being sufficiently willing or able to remove oneself from the conventionally perceived notions and ideals of ones society, one runs the risk (as the author of a dystopia) of compromising the authenticity of ones fictional universe. An argument could be made that this is the field with George Orwells 1984 and Aldous Huxleys Brave New World the fashion in which female characters are portrayed in twain novels conjures up a sense of the misogyny of the authors, or else than a truly dystopian perception of women. The post-war (WWI in the case of Huxley, WWII in the case of Orwell) mentality and internalized misogyny of both Huxleys and Orwells time is palpably present in the characters of Linda and Lenina, respectively Winstons mother and Julia. By examining these crucial mother and lover characters in their most significant scenes, several interesting parallels can be drawn amongst the authors treatment of their female characters. The fact that both Huxley and Orwell focus primarily on the female archetypes of lover and mother is in itself quite revealing. The use of these archetypes is not bound to the figures of Linda, Lenina or Winstons mother and Julia in Brave New World, every woman falls into all category. All women of the modern world are potential lovers their pneumatic bodies (an adjective interestingly enough notwithstanding used in conjunction with womens bodies and furniture1) free for the taking (and freely offered up, at that). Mother as a term is used to describe everything that is the opposite of a carefree, lustful existence aging, sagging, embarrassment and taboo. No corresponding term exists to embarrass men as Huxley puts it, the term buzz off is a scatological rather than a p ornographic impropriety2. This hierarchy of shame resurfaces during Bernard and Leninas visit to Malpais the old man (the first old person whom Lenina sees) is draw in three lines, whilst Linda, the Savages mother, is described in a lengthy paragraph, containing visual, olfactory and tactile references. This grotesque mother-figure is apparent in 1984 as well, although described in a rather more oblique fashion. The reference to monstrous women with brick-red forearms3 (p.86), and the nomer Mrs. which with some women one used () instinctively4 (p.22), all point to an internalized image of motherhood which Orwell uses to juxtapose with the thoroughgoing(a) (and insipid) Katherine, and the lustful (and cunning) Julia. Motherhood, or rather the absence of any true motherhood (in the sense of being allowed to openly care for, and show affection for ones children) are fundamental themes in 1984, thus one understands the need to extrapolate on the concept yet the occasionally dropped adjective, such as the aforementioned monstrous and the categorization of women into Mrs. and non-Mrs. types points to an external, rather than any internal set of value that could exist in the universe of 1984. The characters described in the novel have all grown up in the system (perhaps with Winston having a slight remembrance of life before Big Brother), thus it seems odd that for example Julia should use terms like a original womans frock5 (p.149) accepting that these items (frocks and high-heels instead of the overalls and practical shoes of the Party) could be found amongst the proles, one is tempted to ask why Julia would refer to them as real. The term real woman is incredibly relative, and has done time come to refer to everything from Rubenesque figures and unpainted faces to willowy, dramatically made-up women. In this context, real woman could by default only refer to the overall and flat-shoe wearing, chaste women of the Party. This cognitive dissonance becomes an issue in Brave New World as well the Savages view of women is problematic at best. Having grown up amongst the people of Malpais, it is strange that he should become so completely enamoured with Lenina, to the point of regarding her beauty as not only exquisite, but normative. His world-view is explained through him having come into contact with Shakespeares works at an early age, yet this does not explain the curious exclusion in his intendedness of anything lustful, ribald or risqu in the very plays that he idolizes. His mother-complex is more explicable (at least in a psychological sense), yet becomes rather distracting in its one-sidedness. John is a protector-figure, a develop knight in white armour who unsuccessfully tries to rescue his mother from her self-initiated sexual behaviour. His attempted murder of Pop is symbolical of a masculinity which is again a projection of an external masculinity onto that of the world of Brave New World. Mother, monogamy, romance (), the mantra that the brave new world has rejected is the one that he metaphorically repeats again and again to himself. Thus, the true conflict arises between him, and Mustafa Mond, arbiters of these two masculinities rendering the women secondary characters, objects of either feelings of lust, or protectiveness. As Goldstein rightly points out by quoting Easthope, this is present in 1984 as well, in the dynamics of Winston and OBriens relationship Winston, who frequently shows misogynist feelings, disavows Julia and heterosexual desire, accepts his unconscious homosexuality, and loves OBrien and Big Brother (p.52).6 In fact, in the light of this statement, what becomes increasingly obvious is the complete lack of intellectual women in either Brave New World or 1984. Women are incapable of introspection in either novel Julia is described as cunning and shrewd, but also as having a short attention span, and no real powers of analysis. Schweickart rightfully states that Smiths question J ulia, are you awake? could very well be the title of a feminist retelling of 1984.7 (p.4), seeing as how Julia sleeps through Winstons perusal of Goldsteins book, and in general shows no interest in notions not concerning her sexuality. Othering women thus becomes a subconscious but constant theme in both Brave New World and 1984. What is not explained in BNW for example is why lust is exclusively sought by male bodies in female bodies homosexuality is mentioned once in the novel, in the past tense, by Mustafa Mond, referred to as the result of a monogamous, obsessive and repressed lifestyle. Yet surely, in a society where cumulative lust is valued beyond all, the gender-binary and heteronormative system of values described by Huxley would make no sense. This again points to a transposed, external set of values, which reference Huxleys world view, rather than anything objectively dystopian. The aforementioned comment of Julias (real woman) poses a similar dilemma rather than refer encing the instances of illicit behaviour committed by Julia, it seems to reference Orwells concept of real womanhood. As Patai points out, Orwells oeuvre contains a tension between his occasional appreciation of women and his dislike of them, especially the abstraction that is usually referred to as the feminine8(p.867). She extrapolates, saying that although men in the world of 1984 fear women because they may be spies, in general the assumptions of male centrality and female otherness have survived intact. Julias love for Winston makes him healthier, whereas OBriens attentions destroy him physically but Winstons true alliance, as we have seen, is with OBrien, who engages him as a worthy opponent a recognition that means more to Winston than Julias love. 9(p.867). This covert dismissal of his and Julias love is apparent in the terms that Winstonchooses to describe it with it is a hopeless fancy, yet he also dismisses the washerwomans song about such a hopeless fancy because he co nsiders the song and the woman meaningless and mechanical10 (p.46). The Savage is equally fanciful in his relationship with Lenina he constructs an ideal to which she unsurprisingly fails to live up to, and goes from considering his hand unworthy to touch her to quoting Othello at her, and getting physically violent. Yet his disappointment is in her moral nature in her refusal to be passive, and to be worshipped by him. True kinship is masculine, in both 1984 and Brave New World. There seems to be a rather disturbing notion in connection with this male kinship it is somehow connected to off mothers, or rather mothers who could never truly live up to the ideal of motherhood (both a physical, and spiritual ideal, as we shall see). Winston keeps connecting his mother (who was first described as a statuesque, brave woman) to various grotesque (term as used by Orwell) figures of womanhood, most notably the woman who vomits copiously next to him in the preliminary detainment booth ( She might, thought Winston, be his mother. (p.240)). The Savages mother, Linda, is also presented as the most grotesque female figure in the narrative of Brave New World (grotesque both as defined by the internal system of values of the novel, and the external ones of the author and readership). These absurd instances contain something of the freak-show within them a voyeuristic, almost fetishistic obsession with the female form, and within that category, the most sacred one, that of the mother. Within the context of the archetype, it is understood that mothers are not sexual beings thus the reference to the prostitute that Winston visits as being his mothers age, or to Linda sleeping with Pop are playing with taboo, trying to titillate the readers sense of the inappropriate through reference to the heteronormative sense of order. Overall, one experiences a striving on the part of both authors to order women into easily identifiable categories (mothers and (m)others), thus not re ally challenging or redefining their own societies respective views on women. Thus, regardless of the fact that both Huxley and Orwell manage to create complex fictional universes (arguably Orwells being more sophisticated than Huxleys), their views on women are seemingly transposed in their entirety without conscious criticism or willingness to challenge the reader.Works consulted* Goldstein, Philip, Orwell as a (Neo)conservative The Reception of 1984, The Journal of the Midwest novel Language Association, Vol. 33, No. 1 (Winter, 2000), pp. 44-57 Published by Midwest redbrick Language Association, Stable URL http//www.jstor.org/stable/1315117* Patai, Daphne, Gamesmanship and Androcentrism in Orwells 1984. PMLA, Vol. 97, No. 5 (Oct., 1982), pp. 856-870, retrieved from http//www.jstor.org/stable/462176* Schweickart, Patsy, Orwell Revisited, The Womens Review of Books, Vol. 2, No. 2 (Nov., 1984), pp. 3-4,Published by elderly City Publishing, Inc. Stable URL http//www.jstor.org/stab le/4019466* Orwell, George, 1984, London, Penguin Books (1989)* Huxley, Aldous, Brave New World, http//www.hedweb.com/huxley/bnw1 Huxley, Aldous, Brave New World, (http//www.hedweb.com/huxley/bnw/four.html the pneumatic sofas2 Ibid, http//www.hedweb.com/huxley/bnw/ten.html3 Orwell, George, 1984, London, Penguin Books (1989)4 Ibid5 Ibid6 Goldstein, Philip, Orwell as a (Neo)conservative The Reception of 1984, The Journal of the Midwest Modern Language Association, Vol. 33, No. 1 (Winter, 2000), pp. 44-57 Published by Midwest Modern Language Association, Stable URL http//www.jstor.org/stable/13151177 Schweickart, Patsy, Orwell Revisited, The Womens Review of Books, Vol. 2, No. 2 (Nov., 1984), pp. 3-4,Published by Old City Publishing, Inc. Stable URL http//www.jstor.org/stable/40194668 Patai, Daphne, Gamesmanship and Androcentrism in Orwells 1984. PMLA, Vol. 97, No. 5 (Oct., 1982), pp. 856-870, retrieved from http//www.jstor.org/stable/4621769 Ibid10 Goldstein, Philip, Orwell as a (Neo )conservative The Reception of 1984, The Journal of the Midwest Modern Language Association, Vol. 33, No. 1 (Winter, 2000), pp. 44-57 Published by Midwest Modern Language Association, Stable URL http//www.jstor.org/stable/1315117

SWOT Analysis Social Work

SWOT Analysis Social WorkLife is a learning process and this involves a lot of interactions and interpretations to evaluate one and evolve as a better person. The observations made by the superiors, colleagues and self have enablight-emitting diode me to identify my strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. Below is a instruct discussion on the same.(S)trengthsStrengths just do not mean the obvious job skills one has. It means the resources a person has, to tackle a attendant. These could be things like whopledge puckered through a hobby, ideas absorbed from sports, family background, and sense of humor and much to a greater extent than. Developing a list of a persons strengths is a clipping cleaning process as inherent skills may not be recognized as strengths until specific situation brings them on action. Similarly, strengths in dealing with a situation may not be so when a person faces other issues.My strengths are scoop derived while at counterbalance up. I co uld identify my strengths, whenever a problem was assigned to me. My immediate response would be to step forward and ask the requester for his / her objective behind this task and his / her expectations out of this particular task. This has always athletic supportered me enhance my competency to focus on structuring my tasks and giving optimized out localize.This reminds me of a past instance at my swear out place where, there was difference of opinion emerging within the squad, below the supervision of a colleague of exploit who was nominated as the Acting Team Lead (ATL) of the month. ATL was a concept brought in to enable the team with team leading experience. The differences emerging had led the team into a cold war. This is a situation that no supervisor or any superior would desire his/her team to be in which might cripple the performance and relationship of the team. When this started to be visible, I was asked by my General Manger to handle the team until the issues w ere reasond.This task was unfavourable for me, as this responsibility was eruptn to me by my GM. He set his expectation and told why he chose me and I had to live up to his expectations.Since I had been with the team for more than two years, I was sure-footed that I would be able to crack the puzzle. I had to be cautious in draw closeinging the team. A wrong pop off or decision could turn things around for the worst. Hence, I unconquerable to break ice by meeting every individual of the team to get a better berth of the issue. This way, I was able to analysis the core issue and come up with a resolution to re authorize the particular issue. I initiated a fish on table activity for the team, where everyone from the team was rented to speak their mind out and discuss their issues. This activity helped them understand each other and sort their differences. pose this activity, the bonding of the team was further strengthened. There was a visible change amongst the members of th e teams approach toward tackling any issue. They wouldnt wait for a third person to come and resolve their issues rather they started walking up to each other and sort the issues themselves.With this particular incident, I was able to identify my strengths. When my GM looked up to me to handle the situation, it showed his faith and arrogance in my problem solving techniques. A one to one session with my GM made me realize that I possessed a greater take aim of patience. I realized some of my strengths through this particular incident, which were my approachability, decision making, ability to negotiate and solve problem.(W)eaknessesIt may be very easy to identify a persons weakness, barely it takes far more objectivity. For example, showing sympathy on a persons problem is a very good human characteristic, but if it exceeds, it may pay off problems in leading a team. As in the case of STRENGTHS, it is important to be aware of all your weaknesses while dealing with an issue and a lso to know which weaknesses could be related to a particular situation.Some of my weaknesses that I would like to work towards is to improve my area of expertise i.e. my fellowship on MS blot applications. This was necessary for me to understand and put to ease the complexities involved in my work. I also would like to bring about gain in attaining best potential control over my emotions, to incorporate the skills attained to improve my social networking and to put to best possible use, my creativity.The main culprit to be blamed for this absolutely is the need of clock time. Due to which, I am most of the time unable enhance my knowledge as mentioned above.Once, I planned to dig to the roots of my weakness, and approached my supervisor to carry me a feedback. Thats when I realized that I couldnt say No when I had to say it.Let me quote an incident which is fresh in memory. One occurrence that was brought to my notice during a feedback session was, I had the habit of going o ut of my way to help others even when I was piled up with so much of work for the day. I would land up myself doing the extra work not oblivious of the fact that if I took even a smallest of extra work, I would miss my deadlines. This began to demand my regular deliverables. Knowing the fact that an adjoin on work would affect my regular deliverables, neither did I say No nor did I look for help. though I had an opportunity to say no or to get the time lines extended, I did not do so. Instead I ended up extending my shift. later on this feedback from my superior, I knew I had to change myself by working towards this issue to overcome this particular weakness of mine.(O)pportunitiesIt is important to examine a problem in its totality and also to identify the opportunities that may exist in it. A simple example is that of a production manager who has to lay off workers in gild to reduce the production ascribable to a fall in demand for the product of the company which he works. This is a problem. However, if he is updated of the happenings of his industry and the economy, he after part use this problem as an opportunity to optimize the operations and prepare for product enhancements for the future which the market will require at that point of time.Similarly, I believe that my strengths could be my gateway for opportunities. I consider every challenge that I come a encompass as an opportunity to learn. This would enable me to tackle antithetical situations, undauntedly. I always try to learn from my own mistakes, as well as from others mistakes too. This has helped me narrow down my mistakes and even to correct the mistakes which I have already done.To me, approaching state to understand their requirements and providing them with the desired output is one of the strengths. According to me, this is a quality which can be put to use for the advantage of the others as well me. This trend not only defecates a great visibility but also enables me to underst and things better and look at things from a wider perspective and from different angles.This reminds me of an instance where in all the managers from different departments were asked by the SDL (Service Delivery Lead) to work on analyzing the attrition trend for their respective spans. The SDL also informed the managers that they could approach me for any kind of help with regard to data or for any details required for the analysis. At this moment I realized that I was detect by my SDL and my capability to work efficiently was made transparent, by him to others. I also realized my way of working turned my strength into an opportunity of get to know more people from the hierarchy, to widen my network and provide me the opportunity to work with all LOBs (Line of Business).(T)hreatsEvery circumstance has its own threats. The one who faces it has to recognize it and pull together his strengths to tackle those. Similarly, threats are easy to identify. But differentiating the impossible and the unlikely among them may be a difficult task. The unlikely is the one that often turns around to make you mad. It is the unexpected threats which could be the greatest danger than the obvious ones. Knowing the fact that the unexpected may suddenly occur and a pre-existing knowledge of ones strengths allow for most effective response to these situations.According to me, everything is a threat My strengths, weaknesses and opportunitiesMy way of approaching people to understand their requirements creates visibility, which my competitors could find threatening and try to persuade others to go against me. This is a potential threat that I experience.I recall an instance when I was recognized for my hard work and dedication in many occasions. I was rewarded point and vouchers as gift as an appreciation for my hard work. My competitors started envying me for getting recognized. They started stretching their shifts and began to work on weekends as well to gain attention. For which they succeeded to some extent. When I noticed their behavior and actions, I realized that I had hold up a threat to them and that was a threat for me.In another instance, I had to take calls of our clients. Since I had no experience in taking calls, I found it difficult to understand their accent. This was a threat as the other were either well adroit or had prior experience in taking call before they joined. Knowing the client and understanding them was the most important part of our job. Since I lacked such(prenominal) an understanding with the client, I was given the least importance when it came to attending client calls.Emotions are one of the weaknesses that can be exposing me to a threat of being misused. As I very easily get carried away emotionally, people could take advantage of me and get me to do things for their selfish motives.STAGE 2Improvement schemeIt is important for one to identify his/her strengths and opportunities, and work towards enhancing them at the same time it becomes equally important to work towards improving the same to overcome threats and weakness.One of the strengths if discover is important and would add value or become an added advantage is to gain my supervisors reliability / confidence in me. As an individual, I was self-made enough in gain my supervisors and co-workers confidence on any kind of work given to me. However at a supervisor level it was still verified. This could be due to the importance of the report or data or else it could be that I couldnt gain his/her complete confidence. I had to work on this and had to overcome by improvising an improvement plan or a strategy and reach the point of confidence where my supervisor would give me complete authority to send report without he / she cross checking.I intend to approach my supervisor and talk to him about the same. ask him to observe my work for a week and only once he is confident in me would send the reports directly to the concern departments or people. To achieve this I plan to adopt a strategical way of doing my work. This can be achieved by looking into each and every details of the given task, identifying the areas of modifications or areas which have some scope of improvement or areas of interest of the requestor and the purpose of the report. This way I would be working towards perfecting my skills, understanding the requestors requirements, improving on visualizing the minute details and gaining confidence of my supervisor to be confident in me.I also had work towards improving my knowledge on MS Excel. Due to my limitation on MS Excel knowledge, most of the time, I depend on the experts for complex formulas which had become one of the core areas of improvement. Improving the knowledge on Excel would widen my areas or expertise, help me improve or modify complex formulas and enable me to create new templates to ease the work for everyone.If I excelled on this, it would enable me to perform critical and complex tasks. Hence I intend to overcome this weakness of mine by attending some classroom cookerys or online tickings on MS Excel and by reaching out the experts. I also intend to seek for help from my supervisor to help me understand complex formulas.The second weakness I thing I would like to improve is to say No when required. As I feel, I might offend a person by saying No or might give an impression that I am not willing or I do not possess the ability to perform that particular task. One way to do so is by gathering courage to say No, by sympathizing myself and not allowing others to take advantage. A sincere effort would help me overcome this challenge. Probably by saying No in different way rather than being curt. Probably talking the same to my supervisor or by delegating / sharing the work with my colleagues would help me solve this problem.As mentioned above, my threats, my hard work and recognitions for the same could become a threat. This could lead to a bad relationship or unhealthy c ompetition within the team. I would try to overcome the same by changing my approach to such situations. By getting others from the team involved in all my activities and cross training everyone on each others work can ease the mash off. This approach wouldnt be a strategy to overtake others but a step or opportunity to work together as a team for good. This way both parties would get an opportunity to improve their skill and thoughts and plan better for the best results.The lack of experience in taking calls as mentioned earlier was one of the most important drawbacks in my career. As this could set me back or leave me behind when it come to my assessments or performance review and would become a road block in my career growth. Hence I decided to approach my superiors and colleagues to help me over come on the same. At the same time I decided to side barge with my colleagues to learn how to take client calls and stimulate up my learning curve. This way would be back on track for the race and wouldnt allow this weakness to affect my performance or growth.STAGE 3Summary of progressWhen I implemented the plan to improve my SWOT, I began to realize that my quality of work had improved. I was more confident in footing of structuring my daily activities related to work. I knew exactly how I had to achieve my goals.When I joined the team I lacked confidence in attending client calls. I did not want this deficiency to set me back or leave me behind in the race. As planned I addressed this issue to my supervisor. He then advised me to enroll myself for a voice and accent training. As I enrolled myself to the advised training I realized that it would take longer time than expected to learn. Hence I decided to attend the training every day and post that came to the work place and side barged with my colleagues to understand and learn quickly. This strategic move helped me finish my voice and accent training in two weeks which normally takes six to seven weeks. Post this training I was back on track to compete at power with the other team members.Post my training on voice and accent I start with my plan to gain confidence of my supervisor, I realized that this actually was working out. I approached my supervisor to seek for his help in observing my work, he was happy to do so. He in fact began giving me feedbacks regularly and gave me tips on how to overcome certain issues. And soon I got an opportunity to prove myself this was when my supervisor had to take his personal time off. This was an opportunity that helped supervisor gain confidence on me. I also received rewards from my GM for taking care of my supervisors work in his absence. This particular incident helped me to take more responsibilities and relieved my supervisor of his regular jobs allowing him to take new jobs from his supervisor. Because of this action plan it helped my supervisor and me to move ahead take up surplus roles and responsibilities.During my improvisation of impr ovement plan, I had enrolled myself for class room trainings and online trainings on MS Excel. This was one of the tips by my supervisor to me. Since my supervisor was also good at MS Excel, I approached him for help when ever required. He helped me to read and understand complex formulas and worked with me in creating few. This way I began to gain confidence in myself and was able fuck off my own templates to make our jobs easier. As I began to improve on my MS Excel knowledge, I was being observed by everyone around me and was ask to help them in creating templates for their reports. Looking at my knowledge on Excel my supervisor decreed me to set test papers on MS Excel for interviews and was asked to train the team as well on the same. This was one of the important milestones I had achieved.As started to improve and began to receive rewards for my hard work, I was getting piled up with work. It so happened that the expectations were rising and I couldnt do anything about it to stop it. I had reached a point where I was only accepting more and more work, and could not put a stop to it. My health began to deteriorate, as I began to stretch my shift, pushed myself to complete the assigned tasks. My co-works realized this and advised me not to accept anything and everything. When I approached my supervisor to address him of the issue, he said that he knew about the pressure I was in but could not do much about as the profile demanded for it. He then told that he would look into the issue and look for an alternative. He then decided to appoint an additional person to help me. But it was a protracted procedure to appoint a person to assist me, as it would take at least a month to appoint one. Hence I decided to delegate some of my work to my colleagues who were well equipped with the tools I used. As I began to get my work done by colleagues, my supervisor observed this and appointed one of my colleagues to help me. A process of appointing that took at least a month now was reduced to two weeks.This approach in fact led to more opportunity within the team and helped everyone get cross trained so as to work as a team to ease the pressure off.This way I was getting everyone in the team involved in different activities and shared my work. This approach was eliminating possibilities of threat in the team. The team no more felt threatened by anyone, as everybody was receiving an opportunity to learn, explore and expand their area of knowledge. I was a no more a war but a healthy competition, a race to learn more and not to pull down one another. There were rewards and recognitions delegated for the most helpful person of the team, knowledge priest award, most improved person award and the best performer award. The objective of these award titles was to create more opportunities, enhance skills, direct most of the people in the team towards a healthy competition and most importantly to work as a team to achieve organizational goals.STAGE 4Fut ure planAfter the completion of my SWOT analysis, I was able to identify my SWOT in the initial stage of assessment, planned to improve by setting some milestones in the second stage and implemented the action plan to see the outcome of the same in the third stage. Post the successful implementation it is time for me to work on future plans to further improve my SWOTs.My future plans are toOrganize a gathering where the best practices can be shared and implemented and look for new opportunities or scope for developing new strategies. I look forward to implement this in all the places where I would work.This would help the people around and me to work together towards creating a better place to learn and work. This forum can also be termed as direction Group. As mentioned above, this group would concentrate on people development. Further it would focus on improvising corrective action plans, new idea generation in terms of reducing cost and time for a cost effective high performance and fun activities for stress busting in the work place.Organize an observation forum to identify the successful and potential areas of improvement. The forum would allow every individual to share their experiences. If a strategy they implement is successful, then, the forum would discuss how it can be utilized by others and how it can be improved and if the strategy fails, then this forum would look at what went wrong and how can it be corrected. We would then be able to list down all the dos and donts. Also look for new and innovative ideas to enhance our skills and work. The observation forums will observe all the implementations and give out a general feedback or individual feedback on the implementation methods. This forum would help to avoid or correct mistakes committed.

Mr. Smith Goes to Washington Essay -- film analysis, reassuring image

Mr. Smith is portrayed as an honest man with strong opinions. He is the rarified politician in an ideal society. The film Mr. Smith Goes to Washington depicts a reassuring image that happens to be an image of the past (Wheeler). However, in todays legislature, people like Mr. Smith are out of date due to the fact that a politicians primary goal is re-election. The good of the people may come as another intention of a politician, but it is invariably secondary to bringing home the pork. There should be more people like Mr. Smith because the legislature would be able to make decisions more efficaciously and efficiently, rather than how slowly they currently operate. This is an unfortunate truth, yet it is how our society has been shaped to operate. This becomes apparent after close examination of the United States legislature today and conceive of the film Mr. Smith Goes to Washington.Mr. Smith was appointed to be a Senator on a whim. He was the leader of the Boy Rangers with no political experience. He was high-principled with a clear view on right and wrong. Mr. Smith took his ideals as far as risking his career when he did not compromise in hunting lodge to maintain his beliefs. In addition, special interest groups did not impact Mr. Smiths decisions. He was untouched by the corruption that he learned existed in the legislature. Yet upon discovering it, he did not change himself. Mr. Smith did not place any emphasis on re-election and did not care if people thought negatively about him as long as he remained with his values.Mr. Smiths values make him unique and give him the ability to be noticed within the legislature. The manner in which the United States legislature is currently set up allows someone similar to Mr. Smith to thrive in society... ... 11 Nov. 2009. Web. 3 Feb. 2014. 11/mr-smith-goes-to-washington-discussion.html. Hudak, John. Lessons from the Shutdown Pork and Earmarks Help fall upon Gridlock. Brookings. Brookings, 30 Oct. 2013. Web. 4 Feb. 2014. 10/29-shutdown-lessons-the-benefits-of-pork-hudak. Johnson, Eliana. Shutdown Deal Includes Pork-Barrel Spending. National Review Online. NRO, 16 Oct. 2013. Web. 4 Feb. 2014. shutdown-deal-includes-pork-barrel-spending-eliana-johnson. Panahi, Heather. Common Criticisms of Legislatures. Feb. 2013. File last modified on Feb. 2013. PDF file. radical. Def. 1-10. Dictionary.com. Dictionary.com, n.d. Web. 3 Feb. 2014. .

George Berkeley Essay -- Irish philosopher philosophy

George Berkeley was an Irish philosopher. His philosophical beliefs were centered on one main belief, the belief that perception is the basis for existence. In doing so, he rejected the notion of a material world in favor of an immaterial world. Berkeley felt that all we really know about an prey we learn from our perception of that object. He recognize that in the materialists view the real object is independent of any perceivers perception. The pen on my desk would exist, whether or not I was in the room to see it or have a sensory experience of it in some way. Berkeley rejected this idea. He realized that knowledge is limited to perception. In this realization, he postulated that everything we know we learned through some sort of sensory perception. He demonstrated that there was a veil of ignorance separating the materialists real object and the perceived object. For instance, if one could not ever perceive the pen, how could one ever know of its existence? He held tha t if an object is independent of ones perception, indeed how could one know it to be real. He thought that you could not truly know something without first perceiving it in some way. It was an easy step from that ideology for him to espouse the phrase Esse Est Percipi, which means, To be is to be perceived. There is a crippling problem that arises in this mode of thinking that can best be demonstrated by the following limerick There once was a young man, who sa...